物理機(jī)械防治-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-08-1320:53:36應(yīng)用各種物理因子(如光、電、色、溫度、濕度等)及機(jī)械設(shè)備來防治害蟲的方法，稱為物理機(jī)械防治法。常見的有捕殺、誘殺、阻殺和高溫殺蟲。1．捕殺利用人力或簡(jiǎn)單器械，捕殺有群集性、假死習(xí)性的害蟲。2．誘殺利用害蟲的趨性，設(shè)置燈光、潛所、毒餌等誘殺害蟲。如利用波長(zhǎng)為365nm的黑光燈、雙色燈、高壓汞燈進(jìn)行燈光誘殺，利用楊柳樹枝把誘殺棉鈴蟲蛾子等。3．阻殺人為設(shè)置障礙，防止幼蟲或不善飛行的成蟲遷移擴(kuò)散。如在樹1：上涂膠，可以防止樹木害蟲下樹越冬或上樹為害。4．高溫殺蟲用熱水浸種、烈日暴曬、紅外線輻射、高頻電流等，都可殺死種子中隱蔽危害的害蟲。如食用小麥暴曬后，在水分不超過12％的情況下，趁熱進(jìn)倉(cāng)庫(kù)密閉儲(chǔ)存，殺蟲防蟲效果極好。
解放軍文職招聘考試《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》考試真題及參考答案（2009-2005） 全國(guó)2009年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試 英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題-解放軍文職人員招聘-軍隊(duì)文職考試-紅師教育
解放軍文職招聘考試《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》考試真題及參考答案（2009-2005）全國(guó)2009年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-05-2110:41:43《英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況》考試真題及參考答案（2009-2005）全國(guó)2009年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1.Strictlyspeaking,theBritishIslesrefersto_______.A.GreatBritainB.IrelandC.theUnitedKingdomD.GreatBritainandIreland2.WhichofthefollowingkingswasresponsibleforthecompleteestablishmentofthefeudalsysteminEngland?A.EdwardIB.HenryIIC.AlfredtheGreatD.WilliamtheConqueror3.ThespiritoftheGreatCharterwas______.A.alimitationofthepowersofthekingB.aguaranteeofthefreedomoftheserfsC.alimitationofthepowersoftheChurchD.adeclarationofequalityamongallpeople4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheresultoftheBlackDeath?A.Muchlandwasleftuntended.B.Therewasaterribleshortageoflabour.C.Thesurvivingpeasantshadlosttheirpowerofbargaining.D.Landownerstendedtochangefromarabletosheep-farming.5.TheWarofRosesthattookplacefrom1455to1485wasfoughtbetween______.A.BritainandFranceB.theParliamentandtheCrownC.theworkingpeopleandthearistocratsD.twobranchesofthePlantagenetfamily6.TheEnglishRenaissancewaslargelyliterary,anditachieveditsfinestexpressionintheso-called______.A.RomanticpoetryB.RomanticfictionC.ElizabethanpoetryD.Elizabethandrama7.Britishconstitutionalmonarchyisasystemunderwhichthepowersofthe______arelimitedbyParliamentortheconstitution.A.churchB.kingorqueenC.governmentministersD.Bishopscourt8.TheToriesinBritainweretheforerunnersof______,whichstillbearsthisnicknametoday.A.theLaborPartyB.theLiberalPartyC.theConservativePartyD.theSocialDemocraticParty9.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTincludedinthesix-pointdemandoftheChartistMovement?A.EqualelectoraldistrictsB.VotingbysecretballotC.ThevoteforalladultmalesD.Thevoteforalladultfemales10.DuringtheFirstWorldWar,Britainwasalliedwith______.A.TurkeyB.theCentralPowersC.FranceandRussiaD.GermanyandAustria-Hungary11.WhowasthemanthatledBritaininthecrisisoftheSecondWorldWar?A.GeorgeVIB.TheodoreRooseveltC.NevilleChamberlainD.SirWinstonChurchill12.ThenewpoliciesadoptedbyMrs.ThatcherandConservativeGovernmentafterthe1979electionwasknownas______.A.ThatcherismB.theNewDealC.NewFrontierD.Keynesianism13.Overthepastonethousandyears,theBritish______hasbeenbrokenonlyoncebetween1649and1660.A.CabinetB.ParliamentC.MonarchyD.PrivyCouncil14.WhohasthepowertoappointthePrimeMinisterinBritain?A.TheQueenB.TheParliamentC.TheHouseofLordsD.TheChurchofEngland15.InBritain,afullmeetingof______iscalledonlywhenaSovereigndiesorannounceshisorherintentiontomarry.A.thePrivyCouncilB.theParliamentC.theHouseofCommonsD.theHouseofLords16.WhichofthefollowingisNOTinvolvedintheBritishjudicialresponsibilities?A.AttorneyGeneralB.MinistryofJusticeC.TheLordChancellorD.TheHomeSecretary17.BankholidaysinBritainreferto______.A.officialpublicholidaysB.holidaysforthebanksonlyC.publicholidaysexceptforthebanksD.holidaysforthefinancialinstitutionsonly18.WhichstatementabouttheBritishuniversitiesisNOTtrue?A.Theyenjoyacademicfreedom.B.Theycannotappointtheirownstaff.C.Theyaregovernedbyroyalcharters.D.Theyprovidetheirowncoursesandawardtheirowndegrees.19.______,themostpopularsportinEnglandaswellasinEurope,hasitstraditionalhomeinEnglandwhereitwasdevelopedinthe19thcentury.A.BasketballB.TennisC.FootballD.Baseball20.LondonsMetropolitanPoliceForceisdirectlyunderthecontrolof_______.A.thePrimeMinisterB.theLordChancellorC.theHomeSecretaryD.theAttorneyGeneral21.WhichstatementaboutthePuritansisNOTtrue?A.ThePuritansdidnotallowreligiousdissent.B.ThePuritanswerepoorartisansandunskilledpeasants.C.TheyweredissatisfiedwiththepoliticalcorruptioninEngland.D.TheywenttotheUnitedStatestoestablishwhattheyconsideredthetruechurch.22.ThelargestracialandethnicminorityintheU.S.isthe______,whichaccountsover12.1%ofthepopulation.A.blacksB.AsiansC.IndiansD.Hispanics23.Thethreewell-knownauthorswhopennedtheFederalistPapersare______.A.ThomasJefferson,JamesMadisonandJohnJayB.GeorgeWashington,JamesMadisonandJohnJayC.AlexanderHamilton,JamesMadisonandJohnJayD.AlexanderHamilton,JamesMadisonandJohnAdams24.WhenAbrahamLincolnwaselectedpresident,thesouthernstatesbrokeawayandformedanewnationcalled______.A.theSouthernStatesofAmericaB.theFederalistStatesofAmericaC.theConfederateStatesofAmericaD.theAnti-confederateStatesofAmerica25.Withthedevelopmentofindustryandextensionofrailroadnetworkintheearly20thcenturyintheU.S.A.,thereappeared______.A.arapidgrowthofcitiesB.aninfluxofforeigngoodsC.anincreaseofurbanghettosD.agreatincreaseinthenumberoffarms26.Intheearly19thcentury,______activelyusedtheShermanAntitrustActtostopmonopolisticbusinessmergersintheUnitedStates.A.J.P.MorganB.WoodrowWilsonC.HenryRockefellerD.TheodoreRoosevelt27.TheRedScarein1919and1920wasatypicalexampleofAmerican______.A.religiousintoleranceB.intolerantnationalismC.ProgressiveMovementD.deregulationofbigtrusts28.Intheearly1930s,theAmericanforeignpolicywasisolationist,butthe______suddenlychangedthewholesituation,whichpropelledtheU.S.intotheSecondWorldWar.A.PearlHarborattackB.bombingofGuamislandC.seizingofAmericanmerchantshipsD.sinkingofAmericanpassengerships29.In1962,President______finallydecidedontheuseofnavalforcetopreventmilitarymaterialandarmsfromenteringCubaanddemandedSovietremovalofthemissilesthere.A.NixonB.TrumanC.JohnsonD.Kennedy30.In1853,inthe______,another30,000squaremilesofMexicanlandwereaddedtotheterritoryoftheU.S.A.A.AtlanticPurchaseB.MexicanPurchaseC.GadsdenPurchaseD.LouisianaPurchase31.ThefourproblemsthatfacetheeconomyoftheUnitedStatesare______.A.unemployment,inflation,financialcrisisandtradedeficitB.unemployment,inflation,financialdeficitandtradedeficitC.mortgagelosses,inflation,financialdeficitandtradedeficitD.unemployment,marketfailures,financialdeficitandtradedeficit32.WhichstatementabouttheU.S.ConstitutionisNOTtrue?A.Itisthesupremelawoftheland.B.Itistheoldestwrittenconstitutionintheworld.C.Itwasadoptedin1781attheSecondContinentalCongress.D.Itprovidesthebasisforpoliticalstability,economicgrowthandsocialprogress.33.TheAmericanPresidentusuallytakesanoathofoffice,administeredbythe______oftheUnitedStatesinJanuary.A.ChiefJusticeB.HouseSpeakerC.SecretaryofStateD.SenateMajorityLeader34.TheU.S.Constitutionprovidesthatthe______shallbePresidentoftheSenate.A.VicePresidentB.SecretaryofStateC.SenateMajorityLeaderD.SenateMinorityLeader35.WhichoneofthefollowingisNOTgovernment-runattheU.S.federallevel?A.MotorvehicleB.TheroadsystemC.NationaldefenseD.Thepostalservice36.ItisgenerallyagreedthatU.S.highereducationbeganwiththe______.A.CivilWarB.IndependenceWarC.foundingofHarvardCollegeD.foundingofPrincetonUniversity37.FormaleducationintheUnitedStatesconsistsof______.A.kindergarten,juniorandsenioreducationB.junior,elementaryandsecondaryeducationC.elementary,secondaryandhighereducationD.kindergarten,secondaryandhighereducation38.InhisOldManandtheSea,ErnestHemingway______.A.expressestheideaoffacingdefeatcourageouslyB.showsthebasicgoodnessandwisdomofordinarypeopleC.praisestheideasofequalityanddemocracyandthejoyofcommonpeopleD.describesthesharpcontrastofwealthandpovertyinChicagoandNewYork39.Intheearlypartofthe19thcentury,______wasthecenterofAmericanwriting.A.BostonB.DetroitC.NewYorkCityD.Philadelphia40.ThemostimportantpatrioticholidayintheU.S.is______.A.HalloweenB.VeteransDayC.ThanksgivingDayD.IndependenceDay41.ThecapitalcityofIrelandis______.A.CorkB.DublinC.GalwayD.Waterford42.Historically,Irelandhasbeenfreeofethnicconflictsbecauseofits______.A.racialunityB.racialhomogeneityC.multi-culturalismD.highrateofemigration43.IrelandhasthefollowingdemographicfeaturesEXCEPT______.A.alatemarriageageB.anexcessoffemalesinthepopulationC.ahighproportionofbachelorsandspinstersofallagesD.alowbirthratecompoundedbyacenturyofemigration44.WhichofthefollowingisatypicalbilingualcityinCanada?A.OttawaB.CalgaryC.TorontoD.Vancouver45.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutimmigrationinCanadaisNOTtrue?A.Itisestimatedthatone-thirdofCanadianswereborninothercountries.B.Immigrationhasalwaysbeenanimportantsourceofitspopulationgrowth.C.Immigrationhasplayedanimportantroleinthedevelopmentofitseconomy.D.inthepastBritainandWesternEuropeweretheprincipalsourcesofCanadianimmigration.46.Intermsoflandarea,Canadaisthe______largestcountryintheworld.A.secondB.thirdC.fourthD.fifth47.TheheadofstateofAustraliais______.A.theGovernorB.thePresidentC.thePrimeMinisterD.theQueenofEngland48.______istheonlycityonthewesterncoastofAustraliawithapopulationofoveronemillion.A.PerthB.SydneyC.BrisbaneD.Melbourne49.A______,wheretwopartsoftheearthscrustmeet,runsthelengthofNewZealand.A.faultlineB.builtareaC.dormantvolcanoD.geothermalarea50.TheTreatyofWaitangiin1840wasanagreementbetween______.A.theMaoriwhalersandtheBritishCrownB.theMaoripeopleandtheBritishmissionariesC.theMaoritradersandtheBritishmissionariesD.thechiefsoftheMaoripeopleandtheBritishCrownII.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(30points,3pointsforeach)51.WhatarethemainfunctionsoftheBritishParliament?52.WhatwerethetwocountriesElizabethIsuccessfullyplayedoffagainsteachotherfornearly30years?53.WhatwastheoutcomeoftheEnglishCivilWar?54.WhatarethethreemainChristianfestivalsintheU.K.?55.WhatwerethethreecornerstonesofAmericanpostwareconomicboom?56.WhatwasthemostimportantdocumentproducedbetweenChinaandtheUnitedStateswhenPresidentNixonvisitedChinain1972?57.WhatisthemostcentralfunctionoftheU.S.Congress?58.WhatarethetwomajorpartiesthatdominateAmericanpoliticsatthefederal,stateandlocallevels?59.WhatarethetwoofficiallanguagesusedinIreland?60.WhoarethenativepeoplelivinginAustralia?III.ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetinaround40words.(20points,5pointsforeach)61.OpenUniversity62.TheSpeaker(oftheHouseofCommonsinBritain)63.Muckrakers64.Thestockmarketcrashof19292009年試題參考答案I.1.C2.D3.A4.C5.D6.D7.B8.C9.D10.C11.D12.A13.C14.A15.A16.B17.A18.B19.C20.C21.B22.A23.C24.C25.A26.D27.B28.A29.D30.C31.B32.C33.A34.A35.A36.C37.C38.A39.C40.D41.B42.B43.B44.A45.A46.A47.D48.A49.A50.DII.51.Theyarelaw-making,authorizingtaxationandpublicexpenditures,andexaminingtheactionsofthegovernment.52.FranceandSpain.53.KingCharlesIwasdefeatedandexecuted.ThenaCommonwealthwasdeclaredbyOliverCromwellandhebecametheLordProtector.54.TheyareChristmas,Easter,andWhitSunday.55.Theyaretheautomobile,housing,anddefenseindustries.56.ItwastheShanghaiCommuniqu.57.Itisthepassofthelaw.58.TheyaretheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanParty.59.TheyareIrish(ortheGaelic)andEnglish.60.TheyaretheAboriginals.III.61.OpenUniversity:TheOpenUniversityisanon-residentialuniversity.Itissonamedbecauseitisopentoalltobecomestudents.TheUniversitywasfoundedin1969andbeganitsfirstcoursesin1970.TheUniversityoffersdegreeandothercoursesforadultstudentsofallagesinBritainandtheothermembercountriesoftheEuropeanUnion.Itusesacombinationofspeciallyproducedprintedtexts,correspondencetuition,televisionandradiobroadcastsandaudio/videocassettes.62.TheSpeaker(oftheHouseofCommonsinBritain):TheSpeakerisamemberwhoisacceptabletoallshadesofopinionintheHouse.IncarryingouthisorherdutiestheSpeakerisrequiredtobeimpartial;heorshecannotdebateor,asageneralrule,voteonameasure,anditishisorherdutytoseethatallpointsofviewshaveafairhearing.63.Muckrakers:Muckrakersrefertoagroupofreform-mindedjournalistsattheturnofthe20thcentury,whomadeinvestigationsandexposedvariousdarksidesoftheseeminglyprosperoussociety.64.Thestockmarketcrashof1929:OnOctober24,1929,theNewYorkstockmarketcrashed.ItwascalledBlackThursdaybecauseitwasthebeginningofalongeconomicdepression.TheGreatDepressionhadfar-reachingconsequences.Itsweptthroughtheglobequickly.Therateofunemploymentincreasedrapidly.Agreatdealofcompaniesandbusinessesclosedandwentintobankruptcy.Americaneconomydidn"trecoveruntiltheNewDealwasputforward.全國(guó)2008年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522Ⅰ.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1．Aboutahundredyearsago,asaresultofitsimperialistexpansion,Britainruledanempirethathadonefourthoftheworldspeopleand______oftheworldslandarea.A．halfB．onethirdC．onefourthD．onefifth2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttheCeltsisNOTtrue?A．Theywereironworkers.B．Theywerepracticedfarmers.C．TheyspokeAnglo-SaxonEnglish.D．Theydrainedmuchofthemarshlandsandbuilthouses.3．Thespiritofthe______wasthelimitationofthepowersoftheking.A．BookofConcordB．MagnaCartaC．DomesdayBookD．commonlaw4．______wasaboveallresponsibleforthereligiousreforminEngland.A．AlfredtheGreatB．EdwardⅠC．HenryⅧD．WilliamtheConqueror5．ThenameWarsoftheRoseswas,infact,coinedbythegreat19thcenturynovelist______.A．SirThomasBrowneB．SirMaxBeerbohmC．SirWalterScottD．SirNormanAngell6．ElizabethsrelationshipwithParliamentwasoften______.A．peacefulB．turbulentC．cooperativeD．harmonious7．______wasgenerallyconsideredthetransitionalperiodbetweentheMiddleAgesandmoderntimes,coveringtheyearsc.1350-c.1650.A．TheReformationB．TheRenaissanceC．TheRestorationD．TheGloriousRevolution8．Looselyspeaking,______werethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists.A．theWhigsB．theToriesC．themembersoftheLaborPartyD．themembersoftheConservativeParty9．AsaresultoftheagricultureenclosureinEnglandinthelate18thcentury,______.A．dietbecamelessvariedB．theEnglishtenantsgotbenefitsC．farmsbecamesmallerandsmallerD．peasantfarmershadtolookforworkintowns10．Oneofthemostfar-reachingconsequencesoftheSecondWorldWaristhat______.A．itimprovedBritisheconomyB．itstrengthenedtheBritishEmpireC．ithastenedtheendoftheBritishEmpireD．ithastenedtheendoftheBritishCommonwealth11．ThePrimeMinisterofBritainwas______.A．a(chǎn)ppointedbytheQueenB．electedbytheParliamentC．voteddirectlybythepeopleofthecountryD．selectedfromthemembersoftheParliament12．ApartfromBritain,theQueenisalsotheheadofstateofthefollowingcountriesEXCEPT______.A．AustraliaB．CanadaC．NewZealandD．SouthAfrica13．IntheU.K.,thepublicareadmittedto______intheHouseofLordsandtheHouseofCommons.A．theStrangersGalleriesB．theTateGalleryC．theNationalGalleryD．theStateGalleries14．InBritain,thepositionof______istraditionallyheldbythePrimeMinister.A．MinisterofDefenseB．FirstLordoftheTreasuryC．LordChancellorD．MinisterofEducation15．______isNOTthefunctionoftheBritishParliament.A．ExaminingandmakinglawsB．ExaminingtheactionsofthegovernmentC．AuthorizingtaxationandpublicexpenditureD．MaintainingthesupremeauthorityoftheSovereign16．No.10DowningStreetinLondonis______.A．theofficialresidenceoftheQueenB．theofficebuildingofLordChancellorC．themeetingplaceoftheBritishParliamentD．theofficialresidenceofBritishPrimeMinister17．TherearetwoestablishedChurchesinBritain,thatis,______.A．theChurchofWalesandtheChurchofIrelandB．theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofWalesC．theChurchofScotlandandtheChurchofIrelandD．theChurchofEnglandandtheChurchofScotland18．______isapublicholidayinBritain.A．TheNationalDayB．GuyFawkesDayC．BoxingDayD．AprilFoolsDay19．______newspapersaredirectedatreaderswhowantfullinformationonawiderangeofpublicmatters.A．QualityB．PopularC．Mid-marketD．Tabloid20．ThePrivyCouncilincludes______.A．a(chǎn)llCabinetministersB．a(chǎn)lltheArchbishopsinBritainC．a(chǎn)llmembersoftheHouseofLordsD．a(chǎn)llmembersoftheHouseofCommons21．______ofNewYorkusedtobeanimportantimmigrationreceptionspot.A．EllisIslandB．ManhattanC．BrooklynD．LongIsland22．______totheConstitution,asthefoundationoftheAmericanconstitutionalsystem,werecalledtheBillofRights.A．ThefirstthreeamendmentsB．ThefirstfiveamendmentsC．ThefirsttenamendmentsD．Thefirsttwelveamendments23．Aftermuchdebate,theCompromiseof1850waspassed,whichallowed______tobeacceptedasafreestate.A．UtahB．CaliforniaC．LouisianaD．NewMexico24．TheArticlesofConfederationin1781wasunusualbecauseitprovidedfor______.A．nokingB．a(chǎn)strongcentralgovernmentC．civilrightsD．taxationpowers25．TheFederalistPapersareregardedasthebestexplanationofthe______.A．19thAmendmentB．ArticlesofConfederationC．BillofRightsD．U.S.Constitution26．AftertheCivilWar,______becameastrongtrendinAmericaneconomy.A．disappearanceofprivatebusinessB．increaseincapitalinvestmentC．monopolybybigbusinessD．nationalizationofenterprises27．ThePeaceConferencein1919wasdominatedbytheBigFour,thatis,______.A．theUnitedStates,Britain,SpainandItalyB．theUnitedStates,Japan,FranceandItalyC．theUnitedStates,Britain,FranceandItalyD．theUnitedStates,Britain,FranceandRussia28．TheGreatDepressionin1929wascausedbyallthefollowingBUT______.A．stockmarketspeculationB．over-expansionofcreditC．toomuchinvestmentincompaniesD．lackofstabilityinthebankingsystem29．Inhisinauguralspeech,______saidthattheonlythingwehavetofearisfearitself.A．LyndonJohnsonB．TheodoreRooseveltC．JohnF.KennedyD．FranklinRoosevelt30．TheSecondWorldWarcametoanendin______.A．1945B．1946C．1947D．194931．In1947theTrumanAdministrationdecidedtoprovideaidfor______topreventthesetwocountriesfromfallingintothehandsoftheSovietUnion.A．PolandandRomaniaB．GermanyandItalyC．theU.K.andFranceD．GreeceandTurkey32．Since1945theUnitedStateshadenteredatwenty-five-yearperiodofeconomicboom,butits______industrydidnotexperiencegreatdevelopment.A．a(chǎn)utomobileB．a(chǎn)erospaceC．housingD．defense33．The______turnedouttobeAmericaslongestwarithadeverfought.A．FirstWorldWarB．SecondWorldWarC．KoreanWarD．VietnamWar34．TheU.S.ConstitutionallowsthePresidenttogive______andpardonsinfederalcriminalcases.A．a(chǎn)bsolutionsB．reprievesC．testimoniesD．a(chǎn)mnesties35．IntheU.S.eachlocalschooldistricthasagoverningboardwhichisusually______.A．electedbythevotersB．chosenfromtheteachingstaffC．selectedfromthelocalcommunityD．a(chǎn)ppointedbythecountymagistrate36．InAmerica,theConstitutionprovidesthat______shallbePresidentoftheSenate.A．theSpeakeroftheHouseB．theSecretaryofStateC．theChiefJusticeD．theVicePresident37．HighereducationintheUnitedStatesbeganwiththefoundingof______in1636.A．MITB．YaleUniversityC．HarvardCollegeD．PrincetonUniversity38．TheodoreDreiserwastheliteraryrepresentativeofAmerican______.A．RomanticistsB．TranscendentalistsC．ModernistsD．Naturalists39．InhisOldManandtheSea,Hemingwaypraisestheoldfishermans______.A．couragetoacceptmiseryinlifeB．a(chǎn)ttitudetowardsdefeatandfailureC．couragetofightmonstersintheseaD．a(chǎn)ttitudetowardstherisksofhighseas40．OneofthegoalssetbyPresidentBushinhisplanAmerica2000is______.A．increasingtheadultliteracyrateB．eliminatingdrugsandviolenceatschoolC．betteringallthestudentsforeignlanguagesD．improvingthehigh-schoolgraduationrateto80%41．QuebecdiffersfromotherCanadianprovincesbecause______.A．itisveryrichinoilB．itisidealforwheatgrowingC．ithasastrongFrenchcultureD．itstouristtradeisveryimportanttotheeconomy42．In1885,Canadawaslinkedfromcoasttocoastbecause______.A．a(chǎn)canalwasconstructedB．manyexpresswayswerebuiltC．a(chǎn)nationalhighwaywasfinishedD．theCanadianPacificRailwaywascompleted43．______,thesecondlargestcityofCanada,islocatedinQuebec.A．MontrealB．VancouverC．TorontoD．Ottawa44．Adelaideisinternationallywell-known______.A．foritsartsfestivalB．foritsleadingroleinlumberingC．foritsmostprosperousagricultureD．foritsproductionofhalfoftheworldsopals45．Sydney,thelargestcityinAustralia,isthecapitalof______.A．VictoriaB．QueenslandC．SouthAustraliaD．NewSouthWales46．MostofthelandinAustraliasruralareasisused______.A．forgrazingsheepandcattleB．fordamsandfarmbuildingsC．forgrowingvegetablesandsugarcanesD．forgrowingcropslikewheatandothergrains47．AccordingtotheWaitangiTreaty,iftheMaoriswanttosellland,only______willhavetherighttobuy.A．theMaoristhemselvesB．theCrownC．theBritishcitizensD．thelocalgovernment48．ThenaturaldisastersinNewZealandmayinclude______.A．earthquakes,volcanoesandfloodingB．volcanoes,floodingandheavysnowsC．earthquakes,flooding,andheavysnowsD．volcanoes,heavysnowsandearthquakes49．Duringthe19thcentury,______wasamostimportantreasonforacentury-longpopulationdeclineinIreland.A．warB．floodC．famineD．earthquake50．Today93%oftheIrishpopulationare______.A．PuritansB．RomanCatholicsC．AnglicansD．ChristiansII.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(30points,3pointsforeach)51.WhendidtherecordedhistoryofBritainbegin?52.WhatwasthemilitarysignificanceofthedestructionoftheSpanishArmadaforBritain?53.HowmanyMembersofParliamentdoestheHouseofCommonsintheU.K.consistof?54.Pleasewriteanythreeofthe13coloniestheBritishestablishedalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmericabetween1607and1733.55.WhatarethethreebranchesintheU.S.federalgovernment?56.WhatdoesIBMstandfor?57.OnwhichsidedidCanadafightduringWWⅡ?58.WhatkindsofvegetationaresuitableforthehotdryclimateinAustralia?59.WhatispartlythereasonforNewZealandtohavechangeableweatherandtobeoftenwindy?60.WhatwastheresultofgrowingIrishnationalismintheearlydecadesofthe20thcentury?III.ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetinaround40words.(20points,5pointsforeach)61.bankholidays62.constitutionalmonarchy63.Notaxationwithoutrepresentation64.theU.S.Federalsystem2008年試題參考答案Ⅰ.1．C2．C3．B4．C5．C6．B7．B8．A9．D10．C11．A12．D13．A14．B15．D16．D17．D18．C19．A20．A21．A22．C23．B24．A25．D26．C27．C28．C29．D30．A31．D32．B33．D34．B35．A36．D37．C38．D39．B40．B41．C42．D43．A44．A45．D46．A47．B48．A49．C50．BII.51.BritishrecordedhistorybeganwiththeRomaninvasionaround55BC.52.ItshowedEngland"ssuperiorityasanavalpower.53.Itconsistsof651MembersofParliament.54.Virginia,Maine,NewHampshire,Massachusetts,Connecticut,NewYork,RhodeIsland,Maryland,NorthCarolina,SouthCarolina,NewJersey,PennsylvaniaandGeorgia.(Anythreenamesoftheaboveareacceptable.)55.Theyarethelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicialbranches.56.ItstandsforInternationalBusinessMachines.57.CanadafoughtasanallyofBritain(1939-1945).58.SmallplantssuchasgrassesandshrubsratherthanforestsaresuitableforthehotdryclimateinAustralia.59.BecauseNewZealandisanislandinsouthernlatitudes,ithaschangeableweatheranditisoftenwindy.60.Irishnationalismbecamestrongerandevenmoreviolentintheearlydecadesofthe20thcenturyandclimaxedintheEasternUprisingof1916inwhichanIrishRepublicwasproclaimed.III.61.Bankholidaysarealsocalledofficialpublicholidays.ThetermBankHolidaygoesbacktotheBankHolidaysActof1871,whichowesitsnametothefactthatbanksareclosedonthedaysspecified.62.Aconstitutionalmonarchyisacountryinwhichtheheadofthestateisakingoraqueen.Inpractice,theSovereignreignsbutdoesnotrule.63.ThepeopleintheBritishcoloniesopposedtheunfairtreatmentbytheBritishgovernment.Theydeclared,Notaxationwithoutrepresentation,thatis,withouttheirrepresentativestakingpartindecision-making,theyhadnoobligationtopaytaxestoBritain.64.TheU.S.Constitutionsetsupafederalsystemofgovernmentwhichhastwolayersofrule.Thereiscentralorfederalgovernmentforthenationwhichalonehasthepowertoanswerquestionsthataffectthenationasawhole.Therearealsostateandlocalgovernments.EachlayerofgovernmenthasseparateanddistinctpowerslaiddownintheConstitution.全國(guó)2007年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522I．Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,1pointforeach)1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofElizabethI?A．Herreligiousreformwasacompromiseofviews.B．HerreligiousreformwaswelcomedbyboththePuritansandardentCatholics.C．ShedesiredthatthereshouldbeoutwardconformitytotheEstablishedreligion.D．ShebrokeMarystieswithRomeandrestoredherfathersindependentChurchofEngland.2．TheRestorationinEnglishhistorytookplacein_______.A．1042B．1066C．1606D．16603．Historically,_______wereferociouspeople,buttheylaidthefoundationsoftheEnglishstate.A．theCeltsB．theVikingsC．theAnglo-SaxonsD．theNormans4．William,DukeofNormandy,isnowknownas_________.A．WilliamRufusB．WilliamtheConfessorC．WilliamtheGreatD．WilliamtheConqueror5．InBritain,theToriesweretheforerunnersof_______whichstillbearsthenicknametoday.A．theSocialandDemocraticLiberalPartyB．theLiberalPartyC．theLaborPartyD．theConservativeParty6．ThepersonwhowasresponsibleforthereligiousReformationofEnglandinthe16thcenturywas_________.A．EdwardVIIIB．HenryVIIIC．ElizabethID．EdwardVI7．QueenMaryTudorhasbeenknownasBloodyMarybecauseunderherreign________.A．a(chǎn)seriesofbloodywarswerefoughtB．manyProtestantswerepersecutedandburntashereticsC．manyrebelpeasantswereputtodeathD．manyprotestersagainstherrulewerekilled8．The_______developedlaterintotheLordsandtheCommonsknownasParliament.A．WitanB．PrivyCouncilC．PublicRecordsOfficeD．GreatCouncil9．InBritain,________isthesymbolofthewholenation.A．theQueenB．thePrimeMinisterC．thePrinceD．theParliament10．EasteristhechiefChristianfestival,whichcelebrates________.A．thebirthofJesusChristB．theResurrectionofJesusChristC．thecomingofspringD．therevivalofChristianity11．TheEnglishking,whogaveuphiscrownforthesakeofamarriagewithWallisSimpson,was_______.A.HenryⅧB．EdwardⅧC．GeorgeⅥD．JamesⅥ12．ThosewhotriedtodestroythehatedmachinesduringtheEnglishIndustrialRevolutionwerecalled______.A．DestroyersB．BreakersC．UnionistsD．Luddites13．ThegreatKingofWessexwhofoughtagainsttheinvasionoftheDanesinthe9thcenturywasknownas_______.A．HengistB．AlfredtheGreatC．thePilgrimD．KingofPicts14．TheSevenYearsWar(17561763)wasfoughtbetweenBritainand_______forthecolonizationinNorthAmerica.A．SpainB．RussiaC．HollandD．France15．InBritain,thenationalnewspaperscanbedividedintotwogroups:_______.A．dailypapersandweeklypapersB．dailypapersandSundaypapersC．weeklypapersandmonthlypapersD．weeklypapersandquarterlypapers16．ThePeoplesCharterwasdrawnupby_______astheirdemands.A．theLondonWorkingMensAssociationB．theBritishSteelCorporationC．theactivistsintheChartistMovementD．theTradeUnion17．Mrs.MargaretThatcher,aConservativePartyleaderinthe1980s,believedinthefollowingEXCEPT_______.A．self-relianceB．privatizationC．thestrengtheningofthetradeunionsD．thekeepingoflawandorder18．ThetwomaintiersoflocalauthoritythroughoutEnglandandWalesare______.A．countiesanddistrictsB．citiesandtownsC．citiesandvillagesD．citiesandshires19．InBritain,officialpublicholidaysarealsocalled______.A．religiousholidaysB．saintsholidaysC．memorialholidaysD．bankholidays20．TheEnglishChannelseparatestheislandofGreatBritainfrom______.A．DenmarkB．BelgiumC．theNetherlandsD．France21．MostofthefirstChineseimmigrantswhocametotheUnitedStatesbetween18501880settleddownin______.A．FloridaB．WashingtonC．CaliforniaD．NewJersey22．InSeptember,1774theFirstContinentalCongresswasheldin______,whichencouragedAmericanstorefusetobuyBritishgoods.A．NewYorkB．BostonC．PhiladelphiaD．Concord23．DuringtheAmericanwestwardmovement,DemocraticpoliticianJohnL.OSullivanproducedthefamoustheoryof______.A．IsolationismB．GoodNeighborPolicyC．SocialDarwinismD．ManifestDestiny24．TheAmericanConstitutionwasfinallyadoptedin1789byanarrowmarginontheunderstandingthat______aftertheConstitutioncameintoforce.A．WashingtonwouldbepresidentoftheU.S.B．theHouseofRepresentativeswouldbeelectedbyeachstateC．a(chǎn)BillofRightswouldbeamendedD．eachstatewouldbeequallyrepresentedintheSenate25．In1972,U.S.President______visitedChina,whichledtotheestablishmentofdiplomaticrelationswithChinainJanuary1979.A．RonaldReaganB．RichardNixonC．JimmyCarterD．GeraldFord26．Whichworkpraisedtheideaofequalityanddemocracyandalsocelebratedthedignity,theself-reliantspiritandthejoyofthecommonman?A．LeavesofGrassbyWaltWhitman.B．Self-reliancebyRalphWaldoEmerson.C．LifeontheMississippibyMarkTwain.D．SisterCarriebyTheodoreDreiser.27．TheConstitutionrequiresthePresidenttobeanatural-bornAmericancitizenatleast______yearsofage.A．30B．35C．40D．4528．OnApril30thof1789,GeorgeWashingtontooktheoathofofficein______whichhousedthefirstAmericangovernment.A．NewYorkB．WashingtonC．PhiladelphiaD．Boston29．WhichofthefollowingmayNOTbePresidentWilsonsachievementsinhisprogramofNewFreedom?A．Makingloansavailabletofarmersatlowrates.B．Adoptinganincometax.C．Regulatingtrustsbystatingclearlytheunfairbusinesspractices.D．Regulatingrailroadpricesandtheirrebates.30．IntheU.S.the______referstothepeoplebornintheperiod19461964.A．lostgenerationB．megenerationC．blue-collargenerationD．babyboomgeneration31．TheconferencethatdecidedtosetupaworldorganizationtheUnitedNationswasheldin______.A．TeheranB．CairoC．YaltaD．Washington32．ThePresidentoftheUnitedStatescanissuerules,regulationsandinstructions,whicharecalled______.A．legalactsB．standingordersC．verdictsD．executiveorders33．ThepoliticaltheoryofAmericanRevolutioncamefromthewell-knownphilosopher______.A．ThomasJeffersonB．ThomasPaineC．AlexanderHamiltonD．JohnLocke34．WhichstatementisNOTtrueabouttheGreatDepressioninthe1930s?A．Billionsofdollarsofpaperprofitswerewipedoutwithinafewdays.B．Miseryandpersonalsufferingswerewidespread.C．Manylosttheirlandandotherpropertiesbecauseofforeclosures.D．Thestockmarketcrashwasthebeginningoflongeconomicrecovery.35．DuringtheAmericanCivilWar,thevictoryat______provedtobetheturningpointfortheUnionArmy.A．HarrisburgB．GettysburgC．LexingtonD．FortSumter36．WhichstatementisNOTtrueabouttheAmericanIndians?A．Heavydrinkingandsuicideratesarefarabovethenationalaverages.B．TheaveragelifeexpectancyofIndiansisaround50years.C．AlltheAmericanIndiansarenowlivinginthegovernmentreservations.D．OnefourthoftheIndianfamilieslivebelowthepovertylevel.37．TheAmericanStandardOilCompanywasfoundedby______.A．JohnRockefellerB．duPontC．J.P.MorganD．AndrewCarnegie38．AtypicalexampleofAmericanintolerantnationalismfrom19191920was______thatexaggeratedthedangerofCommunism.A．McCarthyismB．theKuKluxKlanC．theRedScareD．Desegregation39．Currentlybetween80%and90%ofimmigrantstotheU.S.arefrom______countries.A．AsianandAfricanB．EuropeanandHispanicC．AsianandHispanicD．ScandinavianandAsian40．______istheonlyorganizationwhichhasthepowertointerprettheU.S.Constitution.A．TheSupremeCourtB．TheDepartmentofStateC．TheHouseofRepresentativesD．TheSenate41．______isBritishColumbiaslargestcityandthethirdlargestcityinCanada.A．VancouverB．TorontoC．QuebecCityD．Montreal42．AlmosthalfthelandareaofCanadaiscoveredby______.A．forestsB．desertsC．swampsD．bogs43．DuringWorldWarII,Canadafoughtasanallyof______withnearlyonemillionpeopleservinginthearmedforces.A．GermanyB．SwissC．ItalyD．Britain44．InAustralia______hasthecountrysrichestfarmlandandbestgrazingland.A．theGreatWesternPlateauB．theEasternHighlandsC．theCentralEasternLowlandsD．theOutback45．InrecentyearsAustraliangovernmentshaveencouragedpeoplewithdifferentethnicbackgroundstokeeptheirowncultures.Thispolicyiscalled______.A．a(chǎn)ssimilationB．integrationC．multiculturalismD．a(chǎn)lienation46．WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutAustraliaisNOTtrue?A．Itliessouthoftheequator.B．Itistheworldssmallestcontinent.C．Itistheflattestandlowestcontinent.D．Itisthecontinentthatcontainsmorethanonecountry.47．ThefirstEuropeantovisitNewZealandwasa/an______,AbelTasman.A．EnglishmanB．DutchmanC．FrenchmanD．German48．______isthecapitalofNewZealand.A．AucklandB．WellingtonC．TorontoD．Montreal49．WhichstatementisNOTtrueaboutIreland?A．Irelandisdividedintotwopoliticalunits.B．NorthernIrelandispartoftheUnitedKingdom.C．TheRepublicofIrelandisanindependentcountry.D．IrelandiscalledtheEmeraldIslebecauseofitsrichdepositofemeralds.50．ThelargestriverinIrelandisthe______,whichprovideselectricpowerformuchoftheRepublic.A．MissouriRiverB．ShannonRiverC．SevernRiverD．ThamesRiverII.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(30points,3pointsforeach)51.WhatistheofficialnameofGreatBritain?52.WhatdoesOxbridgerefertoinGreatBritain?53.WhataretheresponsibilitiesofBritishgovernmenteducationdepartments?54.WhatdoesSATstandfor?55.Whatarethetwomostimportantactspassedinthe1960sthathelpedtoimprovethepoliticalequalityoftheblackpeople?56.Whatisknownasthewinner-take-allsystem?57.WhatdoesACTstandforinAustralianpoliticaldivision?58.WhydoesNewZealandremaingreenalltheyearround?59.Whatarethethreemaingroupsofsettlerslivingnorthof55degreenorthlatitudeinCanada?60.WhatisthemostsignificantfeatureofIrishlandscape,whichcoversallthemountainsandlargeareasoflowlands?III.ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetinaround40words.(20points,5pointsforeach)61.theIndustrialRevolution62.theCommonwealth63.checksandbalances64.ElectoralCollege2007年試題參考答案Ⅰ.1.B2.D3.C4.D5.D6.B7.B8.D9.A10.B11.B12.D13.B14.D15.B16.A17.C18.A19.D20.D21.C22.C23.D24.C25.B26.A27.B28.A29.D30.D31.C32.D33.D34.D35.B36.C37.A38.C39.C40.A41.A42.A43.D44.C45.C46.D47.B48.B49.D50.BII.51.TheofficialnameistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.52.ItreferstotheuniversitiesofOxfordandCambridge.53.Theyformulateeducationpoliciesandarealsoresponsibleforthesupplyandtrainingofteachers.54.ItstandsforScholasticAptitudeTest,atesttakenintheU.S.tomeasurestudentsabilitiesbeforetheirentryintocollege.55.TheCivilRightsActof1964andtheVotingRightsActof1965.56.Thepresidentialcandidatewiththehighestnumberofvotesineachstatewinsalltheelectoralvotesofthatstate.57.ItstandsforAustralianCapitalTerritory.58.NewZealandnativetreesareevergreens,sothecountryremainsgreenalltheyearround.59.Therearefurtrappers,fishersandminers.60.BogsremainthemostsignificantfeatureofIrishlandscape.Ⅲ.61.TheIndustrialRevolution:ItreferstothemechanizationofindustryandtheconsequentchangesinsocialandeconomicorganizationinBritaininthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.BritainwasthefirstcountrytoindustrializeinEurope.62.TheCommonwealth:Itisafreeassociationof50independentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.Membernationsarejoinedtogethereconomicallyandhavecertaintradingarrangements.TheCommonwealthhasnospecialpowers.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthislefttoeachnation.Atpresentthereare50memberswithintheCommonwealth(1991).63.Checksandbalances:TheAmericangovernmentisdividedintothreebranches,thelegislative,theexecutiveandthejudicial.Eachhaspartofthepowersbutnotallthepower.Andeachbranchofgovernmentcancheck,orblock,theactionsoftheotherbranches.Thethreebranchesarethusinbalance.Thisiscalledchecksandbalances.64.ElectoralCollege:Theelectorsofall50statesandtheDistrictofColumbia-atotalof538persons---comprisewhatisknownastheElectoralCollege.Tobesuccessful,acandidateforthePresidencymustreceive270votes.全國(guó)2006年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522I.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswertothequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(50points,Ipointforeach)I.WhichofthefollowingistrueabouttheBritishCommonwealth?A.Membersofnationsarcjoinedtogetherpolitically.B.TheCommonwealthhasspecialpowers.C.ThedecisiontobecomeamemberoftheCommonwealthismadebyBrian.D.ItisafreeassociationofindependentcountriesthatwereoncecoloniesofBritain.2.Under,thefeudalsysteminEnglandwascompletelyestablished.A.KingAlfredB.HenryIIC.EdwardID.WilliamtheConqueror3.ThecauseoftheHundredYearsWarwas.A.territorialB.economicC.partlyterritorialandpartlyeconomicD.partlyterritorialandpartlyreligious4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheAnglo-Saxons?A.Theywereregardedasferociouspeople.B.Theyestablishedthemanorialsystem.C.Theydividedthecountryintodifferentshires.D.Theirtribeswereseldomatwarwithoneanother.5.AsaresultoftheBlackDeath,.A.muchlandwasleftuntendedandtherewasashortageoflabourB.landownerstendedtochangefromsheep-farmingtoarable-farmingC.thegovernmentdidnotshowmuchconcernaboutthelabourshortageD.thegovernmenttookseveralmeasurestoraisethepeasantswages6.TheNormanConquestinEnglishhistoryhappenedin.A.1035B.1042C.1066D.16067.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTaconsequenceoftheWarsoftheRoses?A.Feudalismreceiveditsdeath-blow.B.Thegreatmedievalnobilitywasmuchweakened.C.Theking"spowerbecamesupreme.D.Ordinarypeopleweregreatlyaffected.8.Intermsofpress,aredirectedatreaderswhowantfullinformationonawiderangeofpublicmatters.A.qualitynewspapersB.tabloidsC.popularnewspapersD.mid-marketnewspapers9.wasthetransitionalperiodbetweentheMiddleAgesandModernTimes.A.TheHundredYearsWarB.RenaissanceC.TheWarsoftheRosesD.TheEnglishCivilWar10.TheEnglishCivilWarisalsocalled___.A.thePuritanRevolutionB.theChartistMovementC.theWarsoftheRosesD.theHundredYears"War11.InDecember1653,byanInstrumentofGovernment,becameLardProtectoroftheCommonwealthofEngland.A.RichardlB.OliverCromwellC.CharlesIID.JamesII12.Twoofthemostfamousliteraryworksofthelate17thcenturywere.A.HamletandParadiseLostB.Pilgrim"sProgressandParadiseLostC.ParadiseLostandShepherd"sCalendarD.RomeoandJulietandShepherd"sCalendar13.TheestablishmentoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanyin1600wasacaseof.A.economicpenetrationB.territorialaggressionC.culturalexpansionD.militaryinvasion14.Oneofthemostfar-reachingconsequencesofWorldWarIIwasthat.A.theBritishEmpirebecamemuchstrongerB.theBritishEmpirebegantodisintegrateC.theBritishcolonialistssteppeduptheirexpansionD.Britainenteredaperiodofeconomicandfinancialprosperity15.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheBritishmonarchy?A.Itistheoldestinstitutionofgovernment.B.Itgoesbacktoatleastthe9thcentury.C.Ithasmaintainedthecontinuityoverthepastthousandyears.D.Itseemsthatitenjoysnorealpowertoday.16.InBritain,aparliamenthasamaximumdurationofyears.A.3B.4C.5D.617.Britishcolonialexpansionbeganwith.A.theestablishmentoftheBritishEastIndiaCompanyin1600B.thesettlementoftheDutchEastIndiaCompanyatCapeTownin1652C.theoccupationofChineseHongKongin1841D.thecolonizationofNewfoundlandin158318.ManyofBritain"spublicschoolshavegainedareputationfor.A.lowacademicstandardsandsnobberyB.exclusivenessandshorthistoryC.averageacademicstandards,exclusiveness,andshorthistoryD.highacademicstandards,exclusiveness,andsnobbery19.TheUniversitiesofOxfordandCambridgedatefrom.A.the10thandllthcenturyB.the12thcenturyC.the12thand13thcenturyD.the13e"century20.InBritain,formallyappointsimportantgovernmentministers,judges,etc.A.theQueenB.thePrimeMinisterC.theLordPresidentoftheCouncilD.theSpeakeroftheHouseofCommons21.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthefivebiggestcitiesintheUnitedStates?A.ChicagoB.NewYorkC.MiamiD.LosAngeles22.,whichbannedslavery,wasaddedtotheAmericanConstitutioninDecember,1865.A.TheBillofRightsB.TheThirteenthAmendmentC.TheCivilRightsActD.TheVotingRightsAct23.havemadeitpossibleforallsectionsoftheAmericanpopulationtohavehighereducation.A.TheresearchuniversitiesB.ThedoctoraluniversitiesC.ThecommunitycollegesD.Theliberalartscolleges24.Coloredeggsandbunnyatetraditionalsymbolsof.A.EasterB.ChristmasC.ValentineD.NewYear"sDay25.isoneofthemostpopularplacesintheUnitedStatestocelebratetheNewYear"sDay.A.TheDisneyLandinFloridaB.TheWhiteHouseLawninWashingtonD.C.C.HollywoodinCaliforniaD.TimesSquareinNewYorkCity26.Thebest-knownspeechmadebycivilfightsleaderMartinLutherKingis.A.Guesswho~B.IhaveadreamC.Unitedwestand,dividedwefall"D.Firstinwar,fastinpeace,firstintheheartsofhiscountrymen27.Inthe1900swiththedevelopmentofindustryandtheextensionofrailroadnetwork,therewasaintheUnitedStates.A.fastgrowthofpopulationB.rapidgrowthofmilitarypowerC.fastgrowthoflaborunionsD.rapidgrowthofcities28.TherealAmericanliteraturebegan.A.beforetheCivilWarB.aftertheCivilWarC.beforetheWarofIndependenceD.aftertheWarofIndependence29.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueabouttheVietnamWar?A.Drug-takingwaswidespreadintheAmericanArmedForces.B.AboutsixtythousandyoungAmericansdiedinthewar.C.Americaninsistenceonthecontinuationofthewardrewcriticismfromitsallies.D.ThemoraleoftheAmericansoldierswasrunningveryhigh.30.MITstandsfor.A.theMilitaryInstituteofTexasB.theMacy"sInstigationofThanksgivingC.theMiamiInstitutionofTradeD.theMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology31.wasNOTamongthefirst13BritishcoloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.A.NewYorkB.PennsylvaniaC.FloridaD.Maryland32.AttheConstitutionalConventioninSeptember1787,thedelegateswhoarguedforanationalsystemcalledthemselves.A.RepublicansB.DemocratsC.Anti-FederalistsD.Federalists33.ThePurchaseofLouisianaTerritoryin1803fromFrance~,.A.increasedtheAmericanterritorybyonethirdB.i~theAmericanterritorybyahalfC.almostdoubledthesizeoftheUnitedStatesD.almosttripledthesizeoftheUnitedStates34.Whichofthefollowingpairsiscorrect?A.RockefelleraeroplaneB.HenryFord-crudeoilrefiningC.J.P.Morgan-railroadD.TheWrightBrothers-automobile35.TheUnitedStatesdidnotformallytakepartinWorldWarI1untilPearlHarborbecause.A.isolationistsdidnotwanttobedraggedintothewarB.theCongresshadpassedoneneutralitylawC.PresidentRooseveltdidnotwanttooffendtheAxisPowersD.Alloftheabove36.InordertoprotectWesternEuropefrompossibleSovietexpansionafterWWII,theUnitedStatesdecidedtoofferWesternEuropeancountrieseconomicaid,whichlatercametobecalled.A.theFourteenPointsB.theNewFreedomsC.theNewDealD.theMarshallPlan37.Inviewoftheproblemofpovertyinthe1960s,PresidentKennedyhadonceadmittedthatoftheAmericanpopulationwenttobedhungry.A.aboutonequarterB.aboutonethirdC.abouthalfD.abouttwothirds38.WhenevertheAmericaneconomyisintrouble,theeconomyofothercountriesisaffectedbecausetheUnitedStatesis.A.thegreatestdebtorintheworldB.thebiggestproduceroftobaccoC.thelargestimporterintheworldmarketD.theonlysuperpowerintheworld39.MembershipintheHouseofRepresentativesisbasedon.A.thenumberofcitiesineachstateB.thenumberoffamiliesineachstateC.thesizeofpopulationineachstateD.thesizeofcitiesineachstate40.IntheUnitedStates,iftheparentsdon"tsendtheirchildrentoschoolatcertainage,.A.thestategovernmentwillberesponsibleforitB.theywilleducatethechildrenthemselvesC.theycansavealotofmoneyD.theyarebreakingthelaw41.CanadacoversaboutofNorthAmericancontinent.A.onequarterB.two-fifthsC.two-thirdsD.throe-fourths42.BytheStatuteofin1931theBritishDominions,includingCanada,wereformallydeclaredtobepartnernationswithBritain.A.OntarioB.VancouverC.QuebecD.Westminister43.ThefirstBritishsettlersinCanadawereAmericanrefugees,whocalledthemselves,becausetheyrefusedtofightagainsttheBritishArmyintheWarofAmericanIndependence.A.LoyalistsB.WhigsC.LiberalsD.Separatists44.isAustralia"smainwatershedwhereshort,swiftriversflowintothePacificOcean.A.TheGreatWesternPlateauB.TheGreatDividingRangeC.TheCentralEasternLowlandsD.TheNullarborPlain45.Politically,Australiaisdividedintostatesandtwoterritories.A.fourB.fiveC.sixD.seven46.AmongthefiveAustraliancitieswithapopulationofoveramilliononlyliesontheWesterncoast.A.SydneyB.BrisbaneC.MelbourneD.Perth47.InIrelandthebasicethnicstockis.A.CelticB.RomanC.NormanD.English48.Irelandhasfourunusualdemographicfeatures.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Alowbirthrate.B.Alatemarriage.C.Ahighproportionofunmarriedpeople.D.Anexcessoffemalesinthepopulation.49ThefirstEnglishmantovisitNewZealandwasJamesCookwhosailedinhisship______.A.EnduranceB.EndeavorC.ExplorerD.Enquirer50.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutNewZealandclimate?A.TheclimateinNewZealandisgenerallytemperateB.Seasonalvariationsarelessextreme.C.Snowusuallyfallsinthefarsouth.D.Summerisoftenuncomfortablyhot.II.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestion.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet(30points,3pointsforeach)51.WhatdoestheBritishParliamentconsistof?52.WhyisKingAlfredknownasthefatheroftheBritishnavy?53.WhichpartydidMargaretThatcherrepresentinthe1970s?54.Howwasthe1920sintheUnitedStatesdescribedbymanyhistorians?55.WhatdoesthetermindenturedservantsrefertoinAmericanhistory?56.Whatwasthemostimportantactpassedin1964toprohibitdiscriminationbasedoncolor,race,ornationalorigininplacesofpublicaccommodation?57.HowmanyprovincesandterritoriesisCanadamadeupof?58.WhatisAustraliaalsoknownasintheWest?59.WhatdoesIRAstandfor?60.WhyisNewZealandconsideredtobethefirstcountrytogetthenewday?Ш.ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetinaround40words.(20points,5pointsforeach)61.Comprehensiveschools62.Whigs(inBritain)63.ThePuritans64.WarPowerAct2006年試題答案I.1．D2．D3．C4．D5．A6．C7．D8．A9．Bl0．A11．B12．Bl3．Al4．Bl5．Cl6．C17．Dl8．Dl9．C20．A21．C22．B23．C24．A25．D26．B27．D28．D29．D30．D31．C32．D33．C34．C35．A36．D37．B38．C39．C40．D41．B42．D43．A44．B45．C46．D47．A48．D49．B50．DII.51．ItconsistsoftheSovereign,theHouseofLords,andtheHouseofCommons．52．BecausehefoundedastrongfleetwhichfirstbeattheDanesatseaandthenprotectedthecoastsandencouragedtrade．53．SherepresentedtheConservativeParty．54．Itwasdescribedasaperiodofmaterialsuccessandspiritualfrustrationandpurposelessness．55．Itreferstothepeoplewhohadtoworkforafixedtermforthemasterstorepaythecross-Atlanticfareanddebts．56．TheCivilRightsActofl964．57．Itismadeupoftenprovincesandtwoterritories．58．ItisalsoknownastheLandDownUnder．59．IRAstandsforIrishRepublicanArmy．60．BecauseitliesjustwestoftheInternationalDateLineandithasonetimezone．Ⅲ．61．Comprehensiveschoolstakepupilswithoutreferencetoabilityoraptitudeandprovideawiderangingsecondaryeducationforallormostofthechildreninadistrict．62．ThenameofWhigsoriginatedwiththeGloriousRevolution．Itwasknownbythenickname．Itwasaderogatorynameforcattledrivers．Looselyspeaking,theWhigswerethosewhoopposedabsolutemonarchyandsupportedtherighttoreligiousfreedomforNonconformists．63．ThePuritanswerewealthy,welleducatedgentlemen．TheywantedtopurifytheChurchofEngland．DissatisfiedwiththepoliticalcorruptioninEnglandandthreatenedwithreligiouspersecution,thePuritanleaderssawtheNewWorldastherefugeprovidedbyGodforthoseHemeanttosave．64．ItwasanactthatlimitedthePresidentspowerinsendingtroopsabroadandrequiredthePresidenttoconsultCongressbeforeanysuchdecision．全國(guó)2005年4月高等教育自學(xué)考試英語(yǔ)國(guó)家概況試題課程代碼：00522Ⅰ.Readthefollowingunfinishedstatementsorquestionscarefully.Foreachunfinishedstatementorquestion,foursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandDaregiven.Choosetheonethatyouthinkbestcompletesthestatementoranswersthequestion.Writetheletteroftheansweryouhavechoseninthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(40points,1pointforeach)1.TraditionalBritishfarminginvolved（）,whichdatedbacktothe5thcentury.A.theopenfieldsystemB.thesystemofcroprotationC.theuseofartificialfertilizerD.theuseofnewagriculturalmachinery2.InBritain,theFirstCivilWarwasfoughtbetweentheRoundheadswhoweretheparliamentarysoldiersledby（）,andtheCavalierswhowereKingCharlesssupporters.A.JohnLilburneB.OliverCromwellC.PrinceRupertD.WilliamJoyce3.（）radicallychangedthefaceofLondonforthefirsttimesincetheGreatFirenearlythreecenturiesearlier.A.TheBlackDeathB.TheCivilWarC.TheFirstWorldWarD.TheBlitz4.TheobjectiveoftheChartistMovementwasdemocraticrightsforallmen,andittookitsnameform（）.A.TheBillofRightsB.TheAgreementofthePeopleC.thePeoplesCharterD.theGreatCharter5.Today,theDomesdayBookiskeptinthePublicRecordsOfficein（）.A.CambridgeB.OxfordC.LondonD.York6.InBritain,thankstothemilitantfeministmovementofthesuffragettesbeforetheFirstWorldWar,votesweregrantedtowomenover（）in1918.A.20B.25C.30D.357.By（）Britainhadbuiltupabigempire,onwhichthesunneverset.A.1900B.1910C.1920D.19308.InBritain,theToriesweretheforerunnersof（）,whichstillbearsthenicknametoday.A.theLaborPartyB.theConservativePartyC.theLiberalPartyD.theSocialDemocraticParty9.TheeldestsonofQueenElizabethⅡPrinceCharles,Princeof（）,istheheirtothethrone.A.EnglandB.ScotlandC.WalesD.NorthernIreland10.InBritain,afullmeetingof（）iscalledonlywhenaSovereigndiesorannounceshisorherintentiontomarry.A.thePrivyCouncilB.theHouseofLordsC.theHouseofCommonsD.theParliament11.InBritain,thehighestjudicialappointmentsaremadebytheQueenontheadviceof（）.A.theLordChancellorB.thePrimeMinisterC.theSpeakerD.theAttorneyGeneral12.InBritain,theSpeakerisamemberwhoisacceptabletoallshadesofopinionin（）.A.thePrivyCouncilB.theHouseofLordsC.theSupremeCourtD.theHouseofCommons13.TheBritishgovernmentdepartmentsarestaffedbymembersof（）,whosedutyistoassistincarryingoutlawspassedbyParliament.A.theCivilServiceB.thePrivyCouncilC.theHouseofLordsD.theHouseofCommons14.Inthe1970s,oilwasdiscoveredin（）,buttherevenuefromoildidnotcreateaneconomicmiracleforBritain.A.theEnglishChannelB.theIrishSeaC.theSt.GeorgeSeaD.theNorthSea15.LocalauthoritiesinGreatBritainraiserevenuethrough（）.A.theincometaxB.thecounciltaxC.thecapitalreceiptsD.personalcontribution16.Themoderngamesoftennisoriginatedin（）inthelate19thcentury.A.ScotlandB.IrelandC.EnglandD.Wales17.Americawasnamedafter（）.A.ItaliannavigatorColumbusB.navigatorAmerigoVespucciC.someIndianchieftainD.GeorgeWashington,foundingfatheroftheUnitedStates18.Between1860and1990,theUnitedStateswitnessed（）large-scalepopulationmovements.A.2B.3C.4D.519.AtthebeginningoftheBerlinBlockade,PresidentTrumanturneddowntheoptionof（）.A.sendingsuppliesthroughthehighways,protectedbytanksandtroopsB.sendingsuppliesthroughthewaterwaysC.startinglarge-scaleairliftingD.staringlimitedairliftingtotesttheSoviets20.In1900,theUnitedStatesrankedfirstintheproductionof（）.A.coalB.electricityC.oilD.wheat21.DuringtheWarofIndependence,Americaalliedwith（）.A.SpainB.FranceC.HollandD.Germany22.TheConstitutionalConventioninAmericawasattendedby（）.A.allofthe13statesB.allofthestatesexceptMarylandC.allofthestatesexceptRhodeIslandD.allofthestates,butlaterRhodeIslandwithdrewfromtheconvention23.PresidentTheodoreRooseveltmadeuseoftheHepburnActto（）.A.regulatefederal-fundedelectricityprojectB.maintainforestreservesC.regulaterailwaypriceD.bancorporationmerger24.IntheUnitedStates,HenryFordbecamefamous（）.A.becauseofhiswealthB.becausehesetuptheStandardOilCorporationC.becausehewasthefirsttoinventcarsD.becauseofhisModelTautomobile25.TheattitudeofmanyAmericanstowarddifferentpoliticalviewsafterWWⅡcanbedescribedas（）.A.followingthemaintrendofviewB.intolerantC.indifferentD.tolerant26.IntheU.S.,theRedScarerefersto（）.A.asenselesshysteriaaboutthedangerofcommunismB.afearofSovietsubversionC.asenselesshateofanythingforeignD.anintoleranceofanyideadifferentfromthemainstreamidea27.UrbanizationwasrealizedintheU.S.（）.A.in1900B.in1910C.afterWWID.afterWWⅡ28.IntheUnitedStates,thewinner-take-allsystemappliesto（）.A.allthestatesB.amajorityofthestatesC.allstatesexceptMaineD.onlyMaine29.InOldManandSea,Hemingwaypraisestheoldmansattitudetowards（）.A.defeatandfailureB.theseaC.hisworkD.nature30.InordertorememberGeorgeWashington（）.A.amemorialhallwasbuiltinhisbirthplaceB.amemorialhallwasbuiltinWashingtonD.C.C.atallwhiteWashingtonMonumentwasbuiltinthecapitalD.anexpensivecarwasnamedafterhim31.ThefinalbreakawayofAmericanforeignpolicyfromisolationismwas（）.A.thebombingofPearlHarborB.thefallofFranceC.GermanattackoftheSovietUnionD.thebattleofBritain32.IntheU.S.,thefastestgrowingminoritygroupis（）.A.theAfrican-AmericanB.theHispanic-AmericanC.theNativeIndiansD.theAsian-American33.ThenameCanadaisbelievedtobederivedfromanIndianwordKanata,meaning（）.A.asettlementB.acountryC.ameetingplaceD.acolony34.QuebecdiffersfromtheprovincesofCanadabecause（）.A.ithasthelargestpopulationB.itwasthefirstEuropeansettlementC.ithasastrongFrenchcultureD.itismorehighlydevelopedthanotherpartsofCanada35.Australiasmostcommonnativeplantsare（）.A.palmsandrosesB.willowsandsunflowersC.pinesandorchidsD.eucalyptsandwattles36.ThefirstwhitesettlementinAustraliawassetuponJanuary26,（）.A.1778B.1788C.1878D.188837.IrelandiscalledtheEmeraldIslebecauseof（）.A.itsshapeB.itsconnectionwithBritainC.itsabundantnaturalresourcesD.itsgreencountryside38.ThecentralpartofIrelandischaracterizedbymanylakes,lowridgesand（）.A.peatbogsB.rapidstreamsC.smallislandsD.highcliffs39.NewZealandconsistsoftwomainislands:（）.A.NorthIslandandSouthislandB.StewardIslandandLongIslandC.WestIslandandEastIslandD.VictorianislandandTasmanIsland40.NewZealandsclimateisgenerally（）andseasonaldifferencesarenotsogreat.A.dryandcoldB.mildandmoistC.hotandwetD.windyandcoldPARTTWO(60POINTS)Ⅱ.Giveaone-sentenceanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(30points,3pointsforeach)41.HowlongwasBritainundertheRomanoccupation?42.WhatisthemainfunctionoftheHouseofLordsinBritain?43.WhatwasthepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEngland?44.WhichsportisregardedastypicallyEnglish?45.WhataretheprincipalfunctionsofAmericanhighereducation?46.WhatismeantbyOperationOverlord?47.WhyAmericansarealwaysonthemove?48.HowwillyoucharacterizeAmericanforeignpolicyintheearly1930s?49.WhatarethemaincharacteristicsofCanadianclimate?50.Geographically,Australiacanbedividedintothreemajorregions.Whatarethey?Ⅲ.ExplaineachofthefollowingtermsinEnglish.Writeyouranswerinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheetinaround40words.(20points,5pointsforeach)51.Stonehenge52.TheMetropolitanPoliceForce53.Foreclosure54.ChicanoⅣ.Writebetween100-120wordsonEITHERofthefollowingtopicsinthecorrespondingspaceontheanswersheet.(10points)55.WhatisThatcherismandwhatarethemajorcomponentsofThatcherism?56.InwhatsensewastheWarof1812importanttothedevelopmentoftheUnitedStates?2005年試題答案I.1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.C7.A8.B9.C10.A11.B12.D13.A14.D15.B16.C17.B18.C19.A20.A21.B22.C23.C24.D25.A26.A27.D28.C29.A30.C31.A32.D33.A34.C35.D36.B37.D38.A39.A40.CII.41.BritainwasundertheRomanoccupationfornearly400years.42.ThemainfunctionoftheHouseofLordsistobringthewideexperienceofitstheprocessoflawmaking.43.ThepeculiarfeatureofthefeudalsystemofEnglandwasthatalllandowners,whetherthetenants-in-chieforsubtenants,tooktheoathofallegianceforthelandtheyheld,notonlytotheirimmediatelord,butalsototheking.44.CricketisregardedasthetypicallyEnglishofsports.45.TheprincipalfunctionsofAmericanhighereducationareteaching,researchandpublicservice.46.OperationOverlordwasthecodenameforAllylandingonthesouthofFrance.ItwaslaunchedinMay,1944.ThedecisionoflaunchingOperationOverlordwasmadeattheTeheranConference47.Americansmovestoanewhomeeveryyearseekingnewjobopportunities,abetterclimateorsomeothergoals.48.Intheearly1930s,theAmericanforeignpolicywasisolationist.49.GenerallyspeakingtheclimateinCanadaisunfavorable.MuchofCanadahaslongandcoldwinterswithdeepsnow.50.TheyaretheGreatwesternPlateau,theEasternHighlandsandtheCentralEasternLowlands.III.51.Stonehenge:StonehengewasinWiltshire,constructedbefore2000BC.Exactlywhyitwasbuiltisunknownbutitmusthavehadreligiousandpoliticalsignificance.52.Themetropolitanpolice:ThepoliceservicefortheUnitedKingdomisorganizedandcontrolledonalocalbasisundertheHomeSecretaryandtheScottishandNorthernIrelandsecretaries.LondonsMetropolitanPoliceForceisdirectlyunderthecontroloftheHomesecretary.Attheendof1993policestrengthintheUnitedKingdomwasabout28.000belongedtotheMetropolitanPoliceForce.53.Foreclosure:Foreclosureisthetakingawayofpropertiesofthedebtorasaresultoffailuretopayinterest.54.Chicano:ChicanoisMexican-Americans,thethreemajorHispanicgroups,historicallyhavehadthegreatestinfluenceontheUnitedStates.IV.55.Theelectionof1979returnedtheConservativePartytopowerandMargaretThatcherismbecamethefirstwomenprimeministerinBritain.HerpoliciesarepopularlyrefereedtoasThatcherism.Thecomponentsincluded:1)thereturntoprivateownershipofstate-ownedindustries,2)theuseofmonetaristpoliciestocontrolinflation,3)theweakeningoftradeunions,and4)thestrengtheningoftheroleofmarketforcesintheeconomy,andanemphasisonlawandorder.56.ThewarhadgreatimpactonthedevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.1)Thewarmadepeoplerealizetheimportanceofastrongnationalgovernment.2)Thewarstrengthenedthefeelingofnationalunityandpatriotism.3)Foralmost10yearsafterthewar,theAmericansturnedtheirattentiontothedevelopmentofthewesternpartofthecontinent.4)ItmadebothBritainandUnitesStatesrealizethattheirdisputesshouldbesolvedthroughnegotiation.
